Functions of orchid roots

Orchid roots are unique and vital components of the plant, performing a variety of essential functions. The structure of orchid roots and their ability to adapt to the surrounding environment make orchids true survival champions. In this article, we'll explore all the functions of orchid roots, including aerial roots and their characteristics, as well as discuss what functions modified roots serve for these plants.

1. Primary functions of orchid roots

Orchid roots play a key role in supporting the plant's life by providing it with the resources necessary for growth and blooming.

• Absorbing water and nutrients: one of the main functions of orchid roots is to absorb water and minerals from the environment. Orchids grow in a substrate that mainly consists of large particles like bark, which helps air penetrate to the roots and allows quick drying, while the roots efficiently absorb moisture from this environment.
• Photosynthesis: some orchid roots are involved in the process of photosynthesis, allowing the plant to produce additional nutrients. This is especially important for species where a large portion of the roots is above the substrate.
• Anchoring the plant: roots also function as anchors, attaching the plant to the substrate or other surfaces. In nature, orchids often grow on tree trunks, and their roots secure tightly to the bark or other parts of trees, which helps the plant remain stable in its place.

2. Aerial orchid roots and their functions

Aerial orchid roots are modified roots that grow outside the substrate and serve important functions to help the plant survive in its natural environment.

• Absorbing moisture from the air: aerial roots have a layer called velamen, which efficiently absorbs moisture from the surroundings, even from fog or rain. This allows the orchid to receive the necessary moisture even when the roots in the substrate have dried out.
• Aeration: roots that grow above the substrate help supply the plant with oxygen. In high-humidity conditions or with a dense substrate, air may not reach the roots below, but aerial roots ensure the orchid gets enough oxygen.
• Photosynthesis: many aerial roots participate in photosynthesis since they contain chlorophyll. This helps the plant produce additional energy needed for growth and blooming.

3. Modified orchid roots and their unique functions

Modified orchid roots play a special role in adapting the plant to harsh growth conditions.

• Attachment to surfaces: modified orchid roots are adapted to attach the plant to various surfaces, such as tree bark, rocks, or even stones. These roots act as anchors, allowing the plant to hold onto vertical surfaces, which is especially important in nature.
• Adapting to different moisture levels: modified orchid roots can change their structure depending on the level of moisture. They can absorb moisture from the air or dry out during drought, then revive when humidity increases. This helps orchids adapt to changing environmental conditions.

4. What functions do aerial roots serve in orchids?

Aerial orchid roots play an essential role in maintaining the plant's health and growth. The primary functions of aerial roots include:

• Absorbing moisture and minerals from the environment: aerial roots can absorb moisture not only from the substrate but also directly from the air. In high-humidity conditions, they actively absorb water and minerals, helping the plant survive periods of drought.
• Photosynthesis: many aerial roots contain chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis, thus helping the plant produce additional nutrients. This process is especially important for orchids growing in low-light conditions.
• Protection against drying out: velamen is a special multi-layer cell covering that protects aerial roots from drying out by retaining moisture. It also acts like a sponge, quickly absorbing water when humidity increases.

5. Why do orchids have aerial roots?

Aerial orchid roots help the plant survive in environments with limited water and play an important role in providing additional support and nutrients:

• Additional nutrition and access to water: aerial roots allow orchids to obtain moisture and nutrients from fog, rain, or even condensation in the air. This is especially important for plants that cannot get enough water through regular roots.
• Attachment to different surfaces: in nature, orchids grow on trees, rocks, and even other plants. Aerial roots allow orchids to attach to these surfaces and stay stable, helping the plant receive optimal amounts of light.

6. Questions related to orchid aerial roots

Aerial orchid roots raise many questions among orchid enthusiasts. Let's look at some frequently asked questions.

Can aerial roots be pruned?

Pruning aerial orchid roots should only be done if they are dry, dead, or damaged. Healthy aerial roots should not be pruned as they play an important role in providing the plant with water and nutrients. Pruning healthy roots can negatively affect the plant's overall condition.

What to do if an orchid has many aerial roots?

If an orchid has many aerial roots, this is normal and indicates healthy growth. These roots can be carefully guided into the substrate or left exposed to continue absorbing moisture from the air. The key is not to prune them unnecessarily.

How to repot an orchid with aerial roots?

When repotting an orchid with aerial roots, it is important not to damage the root system. Aerial roots can be gently placed on top of the new substrate or left exposed if they are too stiff. Avoid burying all the roots, as this may cause them to rot.

7. The role of orchid roots in photosynthesis

Some orchid roots, especially aerial ones, can participate in the process of photosynthesis due to the presence of chlorophyll in velamen cells. This makes orchid roots unique among plants, as they not only absorb moisture and nutrients but also produce energy for growth.

• Photosynthesis in roots: roots involved in photosynthesis provide additional nutrients, which is especially important in conditions where leaves may not receive enough light. This helps the plant grow and develop even in shaded areas.

8. Caring for orchid aerial roots

Proper care of aerial roots will help keep the orchid healthy:

• Misting: aerial roots can be misted occasionally, especially in low-humidity conditions. This helps the roots receive the necessary amount of moisture and stay active.
• Preventing rot: it is important not to overwater aerial roots, especially if they are close to the plant's base. Velamen should have a chance to dry between waterings to prevent fungal development.

Conclusion

Orchid roots, including aerial ones, perform a variety of essential functions that help the plant survive in different conditions. They absorb water and nutrients, participate in photosynthesis, anchor the plant to various surfaces, and provide it with the necessary nutrition. Proper care for roots, including avoiding unnecessary pruning and maintaining optimal humidity conditions, will help the orchid stay healthy and reward you with beautiful blooms.