Epidendrum orchid

The epidendrum orchid (Epidendrum) is a large clan of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), which includes more than 1,500 species. These orchids are widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of America. They are known for their decorative value and unpretentiousness, which makes them a popular choice for both amateur gardeners and professional collectors. The flowers of epidendrums are characterized by bright colors and various shapes, and plants are able to bloom all year after favorable conditions.

Etymology of the name

The name of the genus Epidendrum comes from the Greek words "epi" (on) and "dendron" (wood), which indicates the epiphytic nature of many species. This name was first proposed by Karl Linnei in 1763 to designate orchids growing on trees.

Life form

Epidendrums are mainly epiphytes, that is, they grow on trees, using them as a support. However, some species lead a lithophytic (on stones) or a ground lifestyle, adapting to various environmental conditions.

These orchids are well adapted to survival in changeable conditions. Their air roots are covered with venaman, which effectively absorbs moisture and protects the roots from drying out, which is especially important in dry periods.

Family

The epidendrum belongs to the Orchidaceae family - one of the largest families of flowering plants. The family includes about 28,000 species that differ in a variety of forms and environmental adaptations.

A characteristic feature of the family is the complex structure of flowers that develop to attract specific pollinators. In epidendrums, these flowers often have specialized structures, such as a lip that helps to direct pollinators.

Botanical characteristics

The epidendrums are perennial plants with or without pseudobulbs. The leaves are linear or lanceolate, dense, leathery, are located on erect or creeping stems. Flowers, often bright shades (pink, red, orange, green), are collected in the inflorescences of a brush or panicle. The diameter of the flowers varies from 2 to 8 cm.

The roots of the epidendrums are airy, have a velamen that not only absorbs moisture, but also participates in photosynthesis. This makes them resistant to short-term droughts.

Chemical composition

The chemical composition of the epidendrums includes flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenic compounds that provide plant protection from pathogens and pests. Anthocyans contained in the flowers are responsible for their bright colors.

Origin

The genus Epidendrum comes from the tropics and subtropics of America, including territories from the southern states of the United States to Argentina. The greatest species diversity is observed in Central and South America, especially in the mountainous regions of the Andes.

The natural habitat of the epidendrums includes moist tropical forests, dry forests and alpine areas. They easily adapt to various climatic conditions, which made them popular in decorative floriculture.

The ease of growing

Epidendrums are considered unpretentious orchids suitable for novice flower growers. They are able to adapt to a wide range of temperatures and light levels.

The plant easily tolerates short-term care errors, such as irregular watering or a temporary decrease in air humidity. However, in order to achieve abundant flowering, it is necessary to observe the basic requirements for lighting and nutrition.

Types, varieties

Among the most popular species of epidendrums, Epidendrum Radicans is distinguished,

Epidendrum NovoM and

Epidendrum Ibaguense.

Hybrids, such as Epidendrum Candy Dancer or Epidendrum Green Hornet, have larger colors and bright colors.

Size

The size of the epidendrums varies depending on the species. Miniature representatives can reach a height of 20-30 cm, while large species, such as Epidendrum Radicans, grow to 1.5 meters.

Flotons can reach a length of up to 50-60 cm, which makes the plant a noticeable accent in the interior or garden. The flowers, despite their relatively small size, look bright and attractive.

Growth intensity

Epidendrums have a moderate growth rate. In a year, the plant can form 1-2 new shoots, which subsequently turn into independent flowering stems.

Growth is accelerated with sufficient lighting and regular top dressing. However, an excess of fertilizer should be avoided, which can lead to the accumulation of salts in the substrate.

Life expectancy

With proper care, the epidendrums are able to live for decades, annually delighting the owners with flowering. Old stems remain green and functioning for several years.

In the natural environment, the life expectancy of a plant can be reduced due to competition with other plants and the effects of adverse factors.

Temperature

Epidendrums prefer moderate temperatures in the range of 18–25 ° C. They tolerate short-term temperature increase to 30 ° C, provided that the air humidity is high.

Night temperature differences (5–7 ° C below daytime) stimulate flowering, which is especially important for mountain views.

Humidity

The plant requires air humidity 50–70%. In conditions of reduced humidity, it is recommended to use moisturizers or pallets with water.

Excess moisture can lead to rotting of the roots, so it is important to ensure good ventilation of the room.

Lighting and placement in the room

Epidendrums need a bright, scattered light. Eastern or western windows are best suited. Direct sunlight is permissible in the morning or evening hours, but at noon, shade is required.

For uniform growth, it is recommended to periodically rotate the pot relative to the light source. With a lack of lighting, it is possible to use phytolamp.

Soil and substrate

For the successful cultivation of the epidendrum orchid, it is recommended to use a substrate that provides optimal aeration and drainage. The optimal composition includes:

• Large pine bark (50%);
• Sphagnum (20%);
• Perlite or small expanded clay (15%);
• Charcoal (10%);
• Sand of a large fraction (5%).

The recommended PH of the substrate is 5.5–6.5, which corresponds to a slightly acidic environment. On the bottom of the pot, it is necessary to lay a layer of drainage 2-3 cm high from expanded clay or pebbles to prevent stagnation of water.

Watering

In the summer, the epidendrum orchid requires regular and abundant irrigation. It is recommended to water the plant by completely immersing the roots in soft water for 10-15 minutes, then let the excess water drain. Watering is carried out every 5-7 days, depending on the temperature and humidity.

In winter, the irrigation frequency is reduced to once every 10-14 days. Water should be at room temperature and previously settled. Between the irrigation, the substrate should partially dry out to avoid rotting of the roots.

Fertilizer and top dressing

Water-soluble fertilizers with a low nitrogen content are suitable for top dressing of epidendrums. Complexes with a high content of phosphorus and potassium are preferred, which stimulate flowering and strengthen the root system.

Fertilizer is applied along with watering, diluting in water to a concentration of 1/4 from the recommended. During the period of active growth, top dressing is carried out every 2 weeks, and in winter the frequency is reduced to once a month.

Propagation

The most suitable time for propagation is spring, when the active growth of the plant begins. Propagation can also be carried out in early summer, before flowering.

The main methods of reproduction include the division of adult plants and the rooting of young shoots. The seed method is less common, as it requires sterile conditions and the presence of symbiotic fungi for seed germination.

Bloom

The epidendrum is able to bloom all year round when creating favorable conditions. Flowers last up to 4-6 weeks, and on one peduncle can be blossomed up to 20 flowers.

After flowering is completed, it is recommended to cut the peduncle only if new buds do not appear on it. This allows you to maintain plant strength for further growth.

Seasonal features

In the spring-summer period, the plant is actively growing and blooming. At this time, abundant watering and regular top dressing are required. It is important to maintain high humidity and good ventilation.

With the onset of autumn, watering is gradually reduced, and top dressing is reduced. In winter, the plant goes into a state of rest, requiring minimal care and lower temperatures.

Features of care

Epidendrums need stable air humidity at a level of 50–70%. To do this, you can use a humidifier or put a pot on a pallet of water. However, the roots should not contact water.

For the prevention of diseases, the room should be regularly ventilated, while avoiding drafts that can damage the leaves and flowers.

Home

Epidendrums require bright diffused light. The best choice is eastern or western windows. In the southern rooms, the plant must be shaded from direct sunlight in order to avoid burns.

Pots for epidendrums should be transparent to control the condition of the roots. When using blocks for growing, it is necessary to ensure frequent spraying of the roots.

Transfer

For transplanting, plastic or ceramic pots with drainage holes are suitable. The size of the pot is chosen taking into account the root system, leaving a place for its growth.

The transplant is carried out once every 2-3 years, when the substrate begins to decompose. The best time for transplantation is spring, before the start of active growth.

Trimming and the formation of the crown

Pruning is carried out after flowering, removing faded peduncles and damaged leaves. This contributes to the rejuvenation of the plant and stimulates the formation of new shoots.

To maintain decorativeness, the old roots and leaves are removed, which no longer perform their functions.

Possible problems and their solution

Most often, the epidendrum suffers from rot of roots and leaves due to waterlogging. Prevention consists in proper watering and the use of high-quality drainage.

Lack of light leads to drawing shoots and lack of flowering. The yellowness of the leaves indicates waterlogging or sunburn.

Pests

The epidendrum can be affected by a spider mite, tripas and a shield. These pests damage the leaves and roots, which slows down the growth of the plant.

For prevention, regularly spray the leaves and roots with water. In case of damage, use insecticides, such as pyrethroide-based preparations.

Cleaning air

The epidendrum helps to purify the air from harmful substances, such as formaldehyde and benzene. This makes it a useful element of the interior, especially in urban conditions.

Safety

The epidendrum is not toxic and safe for children and pets. However, an individual allergic reaction to pollen or plant juice is possible.

Wintering

In winter, the epidendrum requires a reduction in temperature to 16–18 ° C and a reduction in watering. This contributes to the preparation of the plant for the spring of growth and flowering.

Useful properties

In addition to decorativeness, the epidendrum improves the microclimate of the room, increasing air humidity and reducing the content of harmful substances.

Use in traditional medicine

Although the epidendrum is not widely used in traditional medicine, it is used to create aesthetic compositions with medicinal plants.

Use in landscape design

The epidendrum is ideal for decorating vertical gardens and suspended compositions. Its bright flowers create accents that attract attention.

Compatibility with other plants

Epidendrums are well combined with other epiphytic orchids, such as phalaenopsis and oncidiums. Their joint cultivation allows you to create multi-level compositions.

Conclusion

The epidendrum is a universal orchid that combines decorativeness, unpretentiousness and environmental advantages. With proper care, it will become an adornment of any interior or garden.