Caring for orchids at home

Orchids are among the most beautiful and exotic flowers that can be grown at home. Their stunning shapes and bright colors make them a wonderful decoration for any interior. Despite their reputation for being finicky, orchids can delight the eye for many years if you know the basic care rules. In this article, we will discuss in detail how to properly care for orchids at home.

1. Choosing the Right Place

Orchids prefer bright but diffused light. Direct sunlight can damage delicate leaves, causing burns. Ideally, place the orchid on an east or west windowsill, where the plant will receive morning or evening sun. If you only have a south-facing window, use a light curtain to protect the orchid from harsh rays.

Temperature is also important: during the day, orchids are comfortable at temperatures of 20-25°C, while at night, they prefer 15-18°C. Temperature fluctuations stimulate flowering, so it is important to ensure a difference between day and night temperatures.

2. Proper Watering

One of the most common questions is how to water orchids correctly. Orchids dislike stagnant water, so their roots must be well ventilated. The optimal watering method is to immerse the pot with the plant in a container of water for 10-15 minutes. After this, allow the water to drain so that the roots do not remain in a wet substrate.

The frequency of watering depends on the season and conditions. In summer, orchids need more frequent watering, about 1-2 times a week, while in winter, they require less frequent watering, about once every 10-14 days. It is important to use soft, settled, or filtered room-temperature water.

3. Air Humidity

Orchids originate from tropical regions where air humidity is relatively high. At home, the optimal humidity for orchids is 50-70%. To maintain proper humidity, you can use a humidifier, place a container of water near the plant, or set the pot on a tray with wet pebbles. Special trays with a grid can also be used to avoid root contact with water. Misting can also help maintain humidity, but it is important not to get water on the flowers to avoid spots and rot. Misting is best done early in the morning so that the moisture evaporates before nightfall. Regular room ventilation also helps maintain healthy humidity, but avoid drafts that could harm the plant. It is important to remember that too much humidity without proper ventilation can lead to fungal diseases, so a balance between humidity and air circulation is crucial.

4. Fertilizing Orchids

Orchids need fertilizing, but not as often as other houseplants. Special orchid fertilizers should be applied every 2-3 weeks during the active growth period (spring and summer). It is important to follow the dosage indicated on the packaging, as an excess of fertilizer can damage the plant. Use only specialized orchid fertilizers, as they consider the features of the orchid root system and do not contain unnecessary elements that can accumulate in the substrate. It is also important to alternate fertilizing with plain watering to avoid substrate salinization. During the dormant period (autumn and winter), fertilizing should be reduced or stopped altogether, as the plant does not need additional nutrition at this time. During dormancy, the orchid focuses on restoring its strength and preparing for the next flowering cycle, so excess fertilizer can cause stress and worsen its condition.

5. Repotting Orchids

Repotting orchids is recommended every 2-3 years when the substrate loses its properties and becomes less breathable, or when the roots start growing out of the pot, indicating a lack of space for normal growth. The best time for repotting is spring when the plant is actively growing and can better handle transplant stress. A special orchid substrate consisting of bark, charcoal, and sphagnum moss is used for repotting. The bark provides good aeration, charcoal helps prevent fungal infections, and sphagnum moss retains moisture, creating optimal conditions for the roots.

Before repotting, carefully inspect the plant's roots. Damaged, rotten, or dried roots should be removed with sharp, sterilized scissors to prevent further spread of infection. Handle the roots carefully during repotting, as they are quite fragile and easily broken. After repotting, do not water the orchid for several days to allow the damaged roots to heal and minimize the risk of rot. Additionally, during the first few weeks, maintain higher humidity around the plant but avoid overwatering to help the orchid adapt more quickly to the new substrate.

6. Lighting and Flowering

Orchids require good lighting to bloom, as light stimulates bud development and improves the plant's overall condition. If the plant does not flower, it may not be receiving enough light or for long enough. Orchids require about 12-14 hours of light per day to bloom successfully. During winter, when natural light is limited, you can use grow lamps to provide the necessary light. Grow lamps should be positioned about 20-30 cm from the plant to ensure even light distribution. It is also important to remember that orchids need a rest period between flowering cycles, which can last from a few months to half a year. During this time, the plant accumulates strength and prepares for the next flowering cycle, so it is important not to disrupt its natural rhythm or force it to flower.

7. Dealing with Diseases and Pests

Orchids may be attacked by pests such as scale insects, spider mites, or aphids. Regular inspection of the plant will help detect problems early and prevent their spread. If pests are found, use insecticides, following the application instructions carefully, or wipe the leaves with soapy water, paying particular attention to the underside of the leaves where pests often hide. It is also important to keep the area around the plant clean, as plant debris or dirt can harbor pests. In addition to insecticides, biological methods such as using beneficial insects that feed on pests can be employed. Monitoring the condition of the roots and leaves is also crucial to prevent fungal diseases, which often result from overwatering and poor ventilation. Regular root checks will help identify signs of rot, such as darkening or softening of the roots, and allow timely intervention, such as trimming affected areas and treating them with antiseptics. Proper care and prevention will help keep orchids healthy and prevent the recurrence of pests and diseases.

8. Creating Optimal Conditions for Different Orchid Types

There are many types of orchids, and their care may vary. The most popular are Phalaenopsis, which are relatively undemanding and suitable for beginners. Cattleyas and Dendrobiums require more light and a stricter temperature regime. By learning the characteristics of each type, you can create optimal conditions for their growth and flowering.

Conclusion

Orchids are magnificent plants that require some attention, but in return, they offer luxurious blooms and enhance the home with their exotic appearance. By following basic care rules—proper lighting, moderate watering, maintaining humidity, and regular fertilizing—you can enjoy their beauty for many years.

Remember that each type of orchid has its own characteristics, and the more you learn about their needs, the easier it will be to provide comfortable conditions for your plants. Caring for orchids is a process that requires patience, but the results are always worth the effort.